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关于网络小说的英文文献

发布时间: 2023-04-10 13:34:00

⑴ 涉及小说的文献有

涉及小说的文献有:网络小说、历史小说、近代侦探小说。

文件演变:

今天所说的文献,主要指有历史意义的比较主要的书面材料,广义的文献定义就成了记录有知识的一切载体。依据国际定义文献乃是一切情报的载体。

随着社会的发展,"文献"的概念已发生了巨大变化。除了泛指古籍外,近人把具有历史价值的古迹、古物、模型、碑石、绘画等,统称为"历史文献"。1984年中华人民共和国国家标准《文献著录总则》关于"文献"的定义是:"文献:记录有知识的一切载体。"

在这一定义中,有两个关键词:"知识"是文献的核心内容,"载体"是知识赖以保存的物质外壳,即可供记录知识的某些人工固态附着物。也就是说,除书籍、期刊等出版物外,凡载有文字的甲骨、金石、简帛、拓本、图谱乃至缩微胶片、视盘、声像资料等等,皆属文献的范畴。

数千年来,我国先人创造出丰富而灿烂的各类文氏空棚化硕果,主要是录存于浩如烟海的古代图书典籍之中,这些就是古典文献。而其中与某一学科直接相关的图书资料,就是该学科的文献。

古典文献学的基本任务,是继承古代校雠学家的方法、经验和成就,运用历史唯物主义和辨证唯物主义的观点与方法,发掘、搜集、整理、研究这些文献,去伪存真,考镜源流,使之为各个学科、各个层次的专业工作者所了解、掌握和利用,并在此基础上创造新的科学文化,进而为全人类作出贡献。

⑵ 求一篇关于小说改编电影或电视剧的外文文献,3000字左右,求上传

外文文献自己去sciencedirect,判差springerlink等外文数据库下载啊去自己的学校图书馆主页会找到很多外文数据库的中文文献到知网,维普等中文数据库下载,主页上也会有很多其他的上面的下载方式很多的,但只有在校园网内免费获取校园网外可以掘型皮利用google学术搜索,有部分能免费租键下载另外还可以在网络文库等共享网站上找找

⑶ 求英文翻译,关于论文摘要的翻译,题目:网络小说改编影视剧现象探析

Network novel, the film and television play phenomenon in this paper
Network novel and graally expand the influence in the focusing, for film company providing rich script resources and creative inspiration. Network novel, the film and television play phenomenon continues to heat up, its origin lies in relying on in the network of convenience. At the same time, the novel and the unbalance of the fault and reality problems also influence the quality of the film and television play adaptation.
Keywords: network novel film &tv proction literature web site

⑷ 高分悬赏!谁能帮我找一些关于网络小说的资料,要写论文的,好的话有加分~

老师家长对网络小说看法的调查
http://bbs.ht88.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=34&id=4895
关于高一(1)班学生网络小说阅读情况的调查与分析
摘要:
在网络盛行的今天,网上阅读已成为人们获取信息的重要渠道。中学生对此尤感兴趣。我们要抓住契机,引导学生网上学语文,发挥网络阅读的优势,提高学生的阅读能力。本文反映了高一(1)班学生课外阅读的现状,分析了学生阅读网络小说的现象及原因,进行了引导阅读的探索和思考。

关键词: 课外阅读 高中生 网络小说

引言

21世纪是信息网络时代,书籍阅读正与网络在彼此冲击中逐渐融合,网络小说势如破竹地发展起来。阅读范围逐渐扩大,阅读内容纷繁复杂,这就要求我们引导中学生去粗取精,去伪存真地筛选阅读资料。因此对高中生进行课外阅读指导,提高阅读效率,是信息时代的要求,是素质教育的必然趋势。中国有句古话叫:"开卷有益。"那么,高中生究竟应该如何对待网络小说?网络小说给高中生带来的究竟是什么?就此,我展开了调查。

一、概念的界定:

什么是网络小说?我认为网络小说就是以网络(Internet)为传播媒介,用平等的、双向的、互动交流方式提供给普通受众的网络文学。网络文学这个概念,从文学体裁的角度上看不存在;而从文学内容的角度上看又含糊不清,究竟是指像《第一次亲密接触》这样的以网络生活为内容的文学作品呢?还是指所有原创于网络上的各类文学作品的集合呢?我的理解应该是后者。我想,现在我们没有必要给这个东西一个明确的定义,它仅仅是对一件事物的理解,而理解是千姿百态的,现在就来统一这些理解有些为时过早了。在"网络小说"到底是不是"文学"这个问题还没有弄清的时候,"网络小说"却已经成为了一种不知定义的文化,一个已经被越来越多人接受的文化。校园网络小说有《爱尔兰咖啡》、《一光年的距离有多远》、《一杯热奶茶的等待》、《爱的魔咒》、《毕业那天我们一起失恋》等等。

二、调查问卷情况

本次问卷主要对高一(1)班48名同学、书店报亭和部分家长进行了调查。高一(1)班属UEI实验班,班上学生大都有条件上网且经常进行网上阅读。在与同年级班级对比中,该班学生的阅读量和信息摄取需求也较大,居中等水平,因而选取该班作抽样问卷调查所得出的结论有一定的参考价值。

(1)对学生的问卷调查情况:
1、你是否读过网络小说?
A、有98% B、没有2%

2、你认为阅读网络小说对你有用吗?
A、有用,98% B、没用,2%
3、你读网络小说的主要目的是什么?
A、消遣64% B、随大流30% C、拓宽知识面2% D、尽早了解社会4%

4、你喜欢读哪一类网络小说?(可多选)
A、青春类(36人次,75%)B、游戏类(16人次,33%)C、言情类(18人次,38%)D、网络类(20人次,42%)E、时尚类(22人次,46%)F、武侠类(12人次,25%)G、侦探类(6人次,13%)H、卡通类(22人次,46%)I、经典类(4人次,8%)J、综合类(10人次,21%)

5、你觉得现在网络小说有哪些优点?(可多选)
A、情节生动(47人次,98%)B、语言幽默(40人次,83%)C、贴近生活(46人次,96%)
6、你认为网络小说的阅读对你产生哪些影响?(可多选)
A、思想上、心理上的转变与成熟(46人次,96%) B、语言应用、写作风格上的转变与提高比较大(40人次,83%) C、没有影响(2人次,4%)

7、读后你会和别人交流吗?

A、会(98%) B、不会(2%)

8、你会和什么人交流?(可多选)
A、朋友(20人次,42%)B、同学(46人次,96%)C、老师(2人次,4%)D、家长(0人次,0%)E、兄弟姐妹(2人次,4%)F、网友(36人次,75%)
9、怎样交流?(可多选)
A、网络聊天(36人次,75%)B、平时闲聊(46人次,96%)C、书信随笔(12人次,25%)D、编辑短信(2人次,4%)E、文学沙龙(0人次,0%)F、课堂作文(2人次,4%)
(2)对书店的调查情况:

我利用周末分别对本市的两家国营书店(朝阳路新华书店、海州新华书店),三家私营书店(席舒书屋、先锋书店、鸿国书城),新浦步行街、华联、南小区的四个报亭进行调查,并对书店报亭相关人员进行访问,以此针对影响中学生课外阅读的客观因素进行另一角度的分析。以下是书店报亭中书籍类型的分配情况:
校园网络小说 33%

名著 29%

竞赛、辅导 31%
科普类 7%

书店受利益驱使,根据销售量而进书的方法在不知不觉中增加了网络小说的市场份额,却减少了其他特别是科普类书籍的份额。学生书籍市场趋向于单向化。

(3)对家长的访问:

我利用高一家长会的机会与高一(1)班部分学生家长进行了有关的交流。我们通过问答形式了解现代家长对高中生阅读书籍的看法,所问问题诸如"你是否经常陪子女逛书店购买辅导书""你的孩子看网络小说吗""你允许他看网络小说吗"之类。我们发现,大多数家长不同意中学生阅读网络小说,他们认为网络小说仅仅是一种文化垃圾,不仅没有益处,而且容易使中学生沉迷于其中的情节而不能自拔。而且大部分家长希望他们的孩子能多买辅导书,甚至有家长不同意学生购买和阅读文学名著,认为太浪费时间。

三、调查分析

通过对问卷调查结果的统计和分析,我作了如下思考:

(一)学生为什么喜欢网络文学?

原因之一:网络文学贴近生活

与传统文学相比较,网络文学更贴近生活。它不仅情节简单,叙述方式自由,而且大都写个人经历,读起来让人倍感亲切,且多抒写同龄人内心感受,写的那些话好像就是自己心里想说的,读后让人心里一阵舒畅。正如“GGMM”们所说:“网是虚拟的,但拥有是真实的。”另外,网络文学还富于意象的塑造,它常以它丰富、幽默、前卫的对白和个性鲜明的人物形象赢得学生青睐,有关专家分析,中学生喜爱网络文学,与中学生好奇心强,渴求沟通了解,追求前卫、追求自由不羁等心理特点有关。在我们所调查的高中生中,96%的中学生认为,网络文学贴近生活,其语言、情节都是基于现实生活的提炼,其形象是现实人物的简缩。受此影响,学生们的作文,主题贴近生活,准确、真实地反映内心世界,语言生动活泼,娓娓叙来,轻松自然。较过去学生作文的程式化和千人一面的状况,这个变化让许多语文老师都很是惊喜。

原因之二:网络交流的隐秘性

通过调查我们还了解到,中学生在与网络文学的接触中,有96%认为受到它影响最大的就是思想上、心理上的转变与成熟。众所周知,中学生处在一个思想发展的特殊的年龄阶段——心理断乳期,生理与心理发展的矛盾时时痛苦着他们的心灵,他们有丰富的情感和敏感的内心,他们渴望倾诉,渴望交流,但又不愿让自己的精神世界呈现在众目睽睽之下让别人评头论足。这样,隐秘的网络文学就成了他们心灵张扬的理想场所。看别人的文章,心灵得到回应,思想受到冲击;写自己的文章,没人知道你是谁,却给了自己一个倾诉的空间,不经意间,学生的自我关注加深了,自我意识增强了,思想也日趋成熟,多了一份对于人生的思考。许多中学生(尤其是女生)对安妮宝贝的文章非常喜爱,认为那样的文字很深刻很现代很能触动人心;大多数的男生则对俞白眉的《网上论剑》持有极大的兴趣,在潜移默化中也有了自己对生活的思考。

原因之三:网络文学的多元性

世界是多元的,惟其丰富才会精彩。网络文学就是一个多元的空间,不同的故事、不同的文字,展示不同的灵魂与心态,不同的个性生活与社会景象。这对于喜爱幻想并充满好奇、对未来生活充满希望的、追求时尚追求个性的中学生而言,无疑是一面多棱镜、一个万花筒。他们可以体验不同的生活,他们可以拥有许多理想中的现实、现实中的色彩瑰丽的理想世界。更重要的是他们能展示自我空间,任自己的思绪驰骋。于是,自由、活泼、多姿多彩的作文便出现在了语文老师的面前。

(二)目前中学生课外阅读现状中存在如下误区:

一是功利性阅读:在应试教育升学就业压力下,家长在为孩子选择课外读物时,80%的家长急功近利,首选教材辅导类书,对网络小说持否定的态度,甚至否定文学名著。

二是随意、盲目性阅读:高中生自主选择课外读物时,首选消遣类读物,如言情小说,武打小说等通俗读物;网络阅读绝大多数首选纯娱乐类读物,网络游戏,卡通,幽默等。

三是在网络文学作品中,成年人的文章居多,且大多讲男女之间的感情纠葛或爱情游戏,有的甚至是靡靡之音,这一部分作品对中学生而言,绝对还为时过早。如果中学生读多了这些文章,势必会影响中学生的观念,不排除有中学生因模仿而做出不利于中学生健康成长的事情,这对处在人生观、价值观、世界观成型最重要时期的中学生来说是不利的。

四是由于网络是一个倾诉的空间,是一个宣泄的角落,当人们想着淡褪的往事,想着曾经的美好与单纯,想着现实的残酷与尴尬;或许就会生出些许的无奈与沧桑。就如《祈祷拥抱》一般:孤独的人祈祷一个拥抱,给天下所有孤独的灵魂。网络文学消沉的因素不可避免地导致许多中学生感染了这一病毒。

五是错误不合时宜地运用网络语言,并将它掺杂于作文当中。在高一(1)班学生的作文中,我们随处可以看见“恐龙”“青蛙”“灌水”“BF(男朋友)”“MM(妹妹)”“挂了(死了)”等等的网络语言,网络语言究竟是新新人类的文字游戏,还是现代汉语的积极发展?

造成这种状况的原因:

①高中生学习压力大,腾不出时间。

②家长望子成龙,给学生购买大量的辅导书。

③即使抽出时间,高中生为了放松身心,首选还那些网络小说中的娱乐杂志、漫画等非知识类书籍。

④高中生占有信息量大、求知欲强,个人感情上的考虑增多,无论是生理还是心理上都要求阅读此类爱情题材的网络小说。

⑤高中生面对残酷的升学现实,压力巨大,同时由于教育人文性的增加,学生承受挫折的能力和心里承受能力明显下降,此消彼长之下,自然需要一个倾诉、宣泄、逃避的心灵空间,网络小说满足了学生的精神需要。

⑥高中生生活紧张单调,因而更喜欢简单、新奇的字眼。而对于使用这些字眼的合理性,学生显然还无法辨别。

四、思考与对策:

目前国内中学教育界对学生热衷阅读网络小说的问题大都持排斥态度。解决的方法不外乎两种:“堵”和“疏”。所谓“堵”,就是通过学校行政命令,使网络小说禁读令成为学校的规章制度,再通过班主任、课任教师和家长的合作,禁绝学生阅读。这种作法的弊端显而易见。这不仅违背了中学生的客观认知规律,而且也有悖于新课程“情感态度和价值观”的理念。从当年中学校园“琼瑶”“金庸”禁绝令的禁而不止可见,“堵”是行不通的。

另一种对策是“疏”。所谓“疏”,就是引导学生阅读所谓高品味的文学作品,使学生自然疏远网络小说。这种作法又太过理想化。事实上,这种方法,我们中学语文教师一直在做,但收效不大。在研究过程中,我也做过这样的尝试,向学生推荐一些情节性强的文学名著,如《基督山伯爵》《悲惨世界》,但学生并无太多感受和体验。并且我们给学生的书单和指导意见有很多只是一厢情愿,并未考虑学生的实情。因而,“疏”也是很难操作的。

对此,我是这样看的。网络小说的独辟蹊径与异军突起,是文化多元化中的一支生力军,是文学景观中新添的芳园,但她与文学"正规军"的分野不可能、也不必要形成挤压空间的较量和一争高下的抗衡。事实上,谁也不可能取代谁。你可以巨树参天,我可以灌木葱茏;你可以花团锦簇,我可以淡姿轻摇;你可以典雅华贵,我可以朴实清新,如此“面向未来”,才符合人们审美要求的多样化和多层次,才符合艺术发展的内在规律。与经典文学的互补交流、相得益彰,多元并举、相映生辉,是网络小说的正确取向,也是其走向成熟与繁荣的最佳选择。

作为一个处于新世纪与旧世纪交替时期的高中生,学生们强烈地感受到教育制度的变化,它正以前所未有的速度加大它对课外书的容纳度。那么,作为语文老师,怎样面对网络小说的冲击?我认为应该既疏且导。

(一)检视我们给学生开的书单,为学生提供一些富有时代色彩又有较强可读性的书目。不要非经典不读,不要非“正经”不读,不要非文学书不读。时下流行的韩寒等人的校园文学可读,《心灵鸡汤》之类的畅销书可读,《穷爸爸-富爸爸》之类有关经济方面的书可读……读什么书不是最重要的,重要的是要加强指导,让学生学会自己辨明什么是好书,有用的书。
(二)给学生提供一些专题性的“豆腐块”文章。这是解决中学生课业繁重,课余时间少却又要增大阅读量的较好方法。当然,《语文读本》在这方面已作了有益的探索,但我以为,《语文读本》里的文章还是有太过经典之嫌。文章不在多而在精,结合现实生活和学生关心的问题,自编自选一部分美文范文指导学生阅读。比如郭敬明的《幻城》,其中的语言能很好的完成对意境的烘托,联想丰富。那么,我就将它与古诗词一起讲。在古诗词教学中,我们老师都有这种感觉:古诗人的心境、遭际是现代中学生特别是阅读量极少的学生没有体验过的,因而理解很困难。单纯从语言角度赏析又太干巴生硬。结合了学生爱读想读的《幻城》再来讲语言,课就生动多了,学生的思维也自觉地动起来了,他们对古典文学的理解也深入了。实践证明学生仅用少量的时间,却一样增长了见识,拓展了视野,提高了鉴赏能力,得到了美的熏陶。
(三)主题性的文学欣赏校本课的开设。许多文学名著失去了他的学生读者群,并不是它不经典,而是它不适应学生的阅读情趣和需要了。因而我们在引导时也没必要一定指出哪本书好,而是结合学生的情感态度和价值观,联系有关的受学生欢迎的网络文学切实指导学生阅读。新课程给我们开了个好头,我觉得还要把校本课程与之相结合才能更有效。
总之,能让学生在这个浮躁的社会中安静地读几本好书,读几篇好文章,便是我进行这项调查的初衷。
正如饮食一样,读书需要人们的细细品尝,有些东西看起来不好吃,可是很有营养;有些呢看起来美味诱人,可是只不过是垃圾食品;还有一些色香味俱全。那么,我们也应当且必须在意识到课外书的重要性的同时,克服新世纪相应产生的浮华的新事物的诱惑,争取在这个还不需徒伤悲的少壮时期,获取更多的保用一生的知识与才能,并成熟我们的人生观世界观,在今后能更适应人生的起伏与时代的变迁。

参考文献:《中国青年报》《高中生阅读》
2学生的看法
http://www.gzubbs.com/index1/bbs/dispbbs.asp?boardid=22&id=25707

还有一些 如下
http://hi..com/xsxbzxj/blog/item/f7dfbdf218bb4912b17ec52d.html
http://iamywd319.spaces.live.com/blog/cns!65EC20E51344D30B!159.entry
http://www.waok.net/wyjj/19722/355750.asp

⑸ “网络小说/网络文学”用英语怎么说

net literature
英 [net ˈlitəritʃə] 美 [nɛt ˈlɪtərəˌtʃʊr]
网络文学

例句
Net literature creators "self-social integration", includes three ingredients: social perception, social communication and social adaptation.

⑹ 求关于网络文学,网络小说,影视剧传播方面的外文文献,谢。

我处禁止上传文件,相关PDF外文文献有,翻译得靠你自己,希望能满足你的需要,能帮到你,多多给点悬赏分吧,急用的话请多选赏点分吧,这样更多的知友才会及时帮到你,我找到也是很花时间的,如果需要请直接网络 私信 或者 Hi 中留言贴出你在 网络知道的问题链接地址 及 邮箱地址

⑺ 英文论文参考文献示例

英文论文参考文献示例

无论在学习或是工作中,大家肯定对论文都不陌生吧,通过论文写作可以提高我们综合运用所学知识的能力。你写论文者银陪时总是无从下笔?以下是我收集整理的英文论文参考文献示例,供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

英语论文参考文献格式范本

用Times New Roman。每一条目顶格,如某一条目超过一行,从第二行起“悬挂缩进”2字符。参考文献中所有标点与符号均在英文状态下输入,标点符号后空一格。

参考文献条目排列顺序:英文文献、中文文献、网络文献。分别按作者姓氏字母顺序排列。文献前不用序号。

1)英文参考文献

(1)专著与编著

排列顺序为:作者姓、名、专著名、出版地、出版社、出版年。

例如:

Brinkley, Alan. The Unfinished Nation. New York: Knopf, 1993.

专著名中如果还包含其他著作或作品名,后者用斜体。

例如:

Dunn, Richard J ed. Charlotte Bront: Jane Eyre. New York: Norton, 1971.

A.两个至三个作者

第一作者的姓在前,名在后,中间用逗号隔开;其余作者名在前,姓在后,中间无逗号;每个作者之间用逗号隔开,最后一个作者的姓名前用“and”,后用句号。

例如:

Rowe, Richard, and Larry Jeffus. The Essential Welder: Gas Metal Arc Welding Classroom Manual. Albany: Delmar, 2000.

B. 三个以上作者

第一作者姓名(姓在前,名在后,中间加逗号)后接“et al.”,其他作者姓名省略。

例如:搏知

Randall, John et al. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1997.

C. 同一作者同一年出版的不同文献,参照下例:

Widdowson, Henry G. EIL: Squaring the Circles. A Reply. London: Lomgman, 1998a.

Widdowson, Henry G. Communication and Community. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998b.

(2)论文集

参照下例:

Thompson, Pett. “Modal Verbs in Academic Writing”. In Ben Kettlemann & Marko, Henry ed. Teaching and Learning by Doing Corpus Analysis. New York: Rodopi, 2002: 305-323.

(3)网络全书等参考文献

参照下例:

Fagan, Jeffrey. “Gangs and Drugs”. Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol and Addictive Behavior. New York: Macmillan, 2001.

(4)学术期刊论文

参照下首蠢例:

Murphy, Karen. “Meaningful Connections: Using Technology in Primary Classrooms”. Young Children. 2003, (6): 12-18.

(5)网络文献

参照下例:http://www.51lunwen.org/yingyulunwengeshi/2012/0322/1110279616.html

----“Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About URL” .

2)中文参考文献

(1)专著

参照下例:

皮亚杰.结构主义[M].北京:商务印书馆,1984.

(2)期刊文章

参照下例:

杨忠,张韶杰.认知语音学中的类典型论[J].外语教学与研究,1999,(2):1-3.

(3)学位论文

参照下例:

梁佳.大学英语四、六级测试试题现状的理论分析与问题研究[D].湖南大学,2002.

(4)论文集

参照下例:

许小纯.含义和话语结构[A].李红儒.外国语言与文学研究[C].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,1999:5-7.

(5)附录本

翻译学论文参考文献范例

参考文献:

奥马利 第二语言习得的学习策略上海:上海外语出版社,2001

陈保亚 20 世纪中国语言学方法论 济南:山东教育出版社,1999

丁言仁 英语语言学纲要 上海:上海外语出版社,2001

费尔迪南 德 索绪尔 普通语言学教程 长沙:湖南教育出版社,2001

冯翠华 英语修辞大全 北京:商务印书馆,1996

桂诗春,宁春言主编 语言学方法论 北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1998

桂诗春 应用语言学长沙:湖南教育出版社,1998

何兆熊 新编语用学概要 上海:上海外语教育出版社,2000

何自然 语用学与英语学习 上海:上海外语教育出版社,1997

侯维瑞 英语语体 上海:上海外语教育出版社,1988

胡壮麟 语言学教程(修订版)北京:北京大学出版社,2001

黄国文 语篇与语言的功能 北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2002

黄国文 语篇分析概要长沙:湖南教育出版社,1988

李延富主编 英语语言学基本读本 济南:山东大学出版社,1999

李运兴 语篇翻译引论 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2000

刘润清 西方语言学流派北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1999

刘润清等 现代语言学名著选读(上下册)北京:测绘出版社,1988

刘润清等 语言学入门 北京:人民教育出版社,1990

陆国强 现代英语词汇学(新版)上海:上海外语教育出版社,1999

拓展内容:

书写格式

1.参考文献标注的位置

2. 参考文献标标注方法和规则

3. 参考文献标标注的格式

2007年8月20日在清华大学召开的“综合性人文社会科学学术期刊编排规范研讨会”决定,2008年起开始部分刊物开始执行新的规范“综合性期刊文献引证技术规范”。该技术规范概括了文献引证的“注释”体例和“著者—出版年”体例。不再使用“参考文献”的说法。这两类文献著录或引证规范在中国影响较大,后者主要在层次较高的人文社会科学学术期刊中得到了应用。

⑴文后参考文献的著录规则为GB/T 7714-2005《文后参考文献著录规则》,适用于“著者和编辑编录的文后参考文献,而不能作为图书馆员、文献目录编制者以及索引编辑者使用的文献著录规则”。

⑵顺序编码制的具体编排方式。参考文献按照其在正文中出现的先后以阿拉伯数字连续编码,序号置于方括号内。一种文献被反复引用者,在正文中用同一序号标示。一般来说,引用一次的文献的页码(或页码范围)在文后参考文献中列出。格式为著作的“出版年”或期刊的“年,卷(期)”等+“:页码(或页码范围).”。多次引用的文献,每处的页码或页码范围(有的刊物也将能指示引用文献位置的信息视为页码)分别列于每处参考文献的序号标注处,置于方括号后(仅列数字,不加“p”或“页”等前后文字、字符;页码范围中间的连线为半字线)并作上标。作为正文出现的参考文献序号后需加页码或页码范围的,该页码或页码范围也要作上标。作者和编辑需要仔细核对顺序编码制下的参考文献序号,做到序号与其所指示的文献同文后参考文献列表一致。另外,参考文献页码或页码范围也要准确无误。

⑶参考文献类型及文献类型,根据GB3469-83《文献类型与文献载体代码》规定,以单字母方式标识:

专著M ; 报纸N ;期刊J ;专利文献P;汇编G ;古籍O;技术标准S ;

学位论文D ;科技报告R;参考工具K ;检索工具W;档案B ;录音带A ;

图表Q;唱片L;产品样本X;录相带V;会议录C;中译文T;

乐谱I; 电影片Y;手稿H;微缩胶卷U ;幻灯片Z;微缩平片F;其他E。

书写技巧

把光标放在引用参考文献的地方,在菜单栏上选“插入|脚注和尾注”,弹出的对话框中选择“尾注”,点击“选项”按钮修改编号格式为阿拉伯数字,位置为“文档结尾”,确定后Word就在光标的地方插入了参考文献的`编号,并自动跳到文档尾部相应编号处请你键入参考文献的说明,在这里按参考文献著录表的格式添加相应文献。参考文献标注要求用中括号把编号括起来,以word2007为例,可以在插入尾注时先把光标移至需要插入尾注的地方,然后点击 引用-脚注下面的一个小箭头,在出现的对话框中有个自定义,然后输入中括号及数字,然后点插入,然后自动跳转到本节/本文档末端,此时再输入参考文献内容即可。

在文档中需要多次引用同一文献时,在第一次引用此文献时需要制作尾注,再次引用此文献时点“插入|交叉引用”,“引用类型”选“尾注”,引用内容为“尾注编号(带格式)”,然后选择相应的文献,插入即可。

不要以为已经搞定了,我们离成功还差一步。论文格式要求参考文献在正文之后,参考文献后还有发表论文情况说明、附录和致谢,而Word的尾注要么在文档的结尾,要么在“节”的结尾,这两种都不符合我们的要求。解决的方法似乎有点笨拙。首先删除尾注文本中所有的编号(我们不需要它,因为它的格式不对),然后选中所有尾注文本(参考文献说明文本),点“插入|书签”,命名为“参考文献文本”,添加到书签中。这样就把所有的参考文献文本做成了书签。在正文后新建一页,标题为“参考文献”,并设置好格式。光标移到标题下,选“插入|交叉引用”,“引用类型”为“书签”,点“参考文献文本”后插入,这样就把参考文献文本复制了一份。选中刚刚插入的文本,按格式要求修改字体字号等,并用项目编号进行自动编号。

打印文档时,尾注页同样会打印出来,而这几页是我们不需要的。当然,可以通过设置打印页码范围的方法不打印最后几页。这里有另外一种方法,如果你想多学一点东西,请接着往下看。

选中所有的尾注文本,点“格式|字体”,改为“隐藏文字”,切换到普通视图,选择“视图|脚注”,此时所有的尾注出现于窗口的下端,在“尾注”下拉列表框中选择“尾注分割符”,将默认的横线删除。同样的方法删除“尾注延续分割符”和“尾注延续标记”。删除页眉和页脚(包括分隔线),选择“视图|页眉和页脚”,首先删除文字,然后点击页眉页脚工具栏的“页面设置”按钮,在弹出的对话框上点“边框”,在“页面边框”选项卡,边框设置为“无”,应用范围为“本节”;“边框”选项卡的边框设置为“无”,应用范围为“段落”。切换到“页脚”,删除页码。选择“工具|选项”,在“打印”选项卡里确认不打印隐藏文字(Word默认)。

注:以上在word中的处理是比较常用的做法,不过作者需要了解,投稿稿件是word格式或pdf格式或wps格式,但是很多期刊是用方正排版系统排版的,二者不“兼容”。因此,作者的word投稿只是编辑部排版的原稿,排版问题作者无需太过担心;而作者如想要编辑部出刊前最后的电子稿(有些作者着急要清样或已经排版的电子稿)其实也没有太大意义,因为没有方正的软件就无法打开这个电子稿。

;

⑻ 关于沉迷小说的英语作文

假如你是告纯喊李华,最近,你校同学正在参加某英语报社组织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是网络小说的利弊。请你根据下表所提供的信息,给报社写一封信,客观的介绍讨论情况,并简述你的看法。

60%的同学认为:1.阅读网络小说可以打发空闲时间,缓解学习压力。2.可以从网络小说的佳作中发掘文章的精华,从而运用到学习裤梁上
40%的童鞋认为:网络小说很吸引人,看小说会浪费时间,影响学习。

袜野 On the discussion of network novels, thereare some students think: the network novel is very interesting. Network novelcan widen the vision, improve the level of writing.

And have some students think: see networknovel affect vision. Waste of time. Easy to inlge, imaging study.

And my view is: the network novels we cansee, but don't dwell among them. Have good network novel I will see or in thefestival holiday on Sunday.

I hope that we can develop good studyhabits, network novel can occasionally have a look, don't inlge.

⑼ 郭敬明小说创作的外文文献

I always tell myself, even if we do not have a day together, but also like with like.
- Title in mind

1

Looking back to see my own growth path, one day at a wait-and-see, I stand by the roadside lonely gesture on his hands and Play at the windbreaker pocket, I saw countless people from around my way through the poker-faced, occasionally someone stop me smile,peach. I know that these people stay down, eventually will become the warmth of my life, to see them, I will think of.

2

At a time when I was young, young enough to be self-willed self-willed to speak to live self-willed to do anything of the age, once wrote me, my friends are my courage to live, they give me the ability to drift along, let me face this the world will not panic.

This postscript is dedicated to my friend, and dedicated to those who join me crazy sad together with us riding a bicycle through the thin young friends, I think we all remember, those green years of wind, how are we now face the sad sad now now can not obliterate the traces of years.

Let us at long after, long, long time after all traces of regret and a sigh.

Sigh their once-offthen. Sigh sotime. Indistinct one God, one turned around, we are so quick on the old go down.

3

Small A in Japan, studying at Waseda economy. He always hair give him pictures of me, writing very, very long letter, to see him on E-mail of the time I know he used to write late at night, in the past in China when he is always at A4 white printing paper on a letter to me, and left China, he began to flap at the keyboard late at night.

Small A is a bright person, happy and simple life in the sun, the simple, but quiet and Like. He is not a writing person, he did not like literature, look for him the only thing about literature is that I wrote those words in a messy condition. This boy is a simple, happy. I always trust, and literary side coated with Children, has been always will not be happy, their happy, scattered at an unknown place, as naughty children wandering to the sky, after wandering to the sky, still unwilling to come back. He said he wrote the things I look always feel sad, because I have not been able to find their own happiness. I said, small A, not to worry too much about me, one day you will leave me, I do not want to take care of your habits too.

When he said this at my high one, and when my freshman year, he and I separated from the true borders, give me at MIDNIGHT Writing E-mail, then go to sleep. Walking alone ring the day and the wind at Waseda, but still smiling.

He will be able to have a person to live happily.

And I should not.

Photos on the small A brilliant smile, standing cherry trees below the sun such as broken mercury scattered at him like a long white trench coat on, photo below him reads: four-dimensional, this is one of my favorite cherry tree.

Trance to think of the small A to go to Japan before give me the phone, I heard once every day to accompany my voice said to me, I'm sorry. I am afraid I have no friends standing alone on the horizon. I know that the small A friend said that is me, because I was his only friend.

A day of small talk at the phone has been said, talked about electric telephone no, I never knew the small A will say so many words, he has always been a quiet person. Sad listened along holding my phone in his phone off before the last moment, he told me that, if we do not have a day together ... ...

And suddenly the phone cut off, rustling voice like the rain outside the window.

Phone me down gently on to say, but also like with like. And I fell on the bed to sleep away.

And time still flows. I finally alone in the wind inside the grown up, had that bright smile of the Child there is a face of a pair of indifference. I feel sad to think about.

Stand nineteen years old, standing on the place of youth turn, stand for some period of life with another life-gaps, I finally broke down in tears.

4

Aura is a very slight girl, from the primary draw of the 12-year study. I saw her very easy to use pen to draw lines of beautiful scenery, but she is not the draw. Since college entrance examination. His father said to her, like you have to give up when she gave up her 12-year reliance on the brush and paint. I do not know when she make a choice are not, I only know that my first time to select my science right hand sharply to the pain I have read. Slightly later on said she has not re-draw thing. But I know that she no longer participated in the School Arts Festival - even though she can easily get the first. The most profound impression on me one of the scenes are Academy of Fine Arts of Tsinghua University, after her admission leaflets when the pace suddenly stopped, five minutes aftershe said to me: go. Looked at me slightly behind the back, her black trench coat suddenly filled the cold winter wind, do not know why, I suddenly feel very sad about it. But I did not tell her, so I smiled and ran up.

This is also a thing a long time ago, long let my memory fuzzy, like mist in the large glass-like bus, extended fingers, zoned click, then there are clear signs together, just down the fingers, will big stars have the water drip down. As our young not hesitate tears.

Go out alone by car the other day, against my tall windows on the bus, cars on the elevated, through the tunnel and suddenly see another side of a passing bus, in the car behind the car printed word: two Ten years have passed, and the youth had never disappeared.

At that moment, I almost fell off the tears.

Beauty is like a crystal ball, it is our dream that all children once, like Alice in Wonderland. However, the grown up Alice lost keys, she is sad to squat to the crying or the courage to continue to move forward?

Picogrammes a people in Chongqing, in that the growth of our city from another city not far, if she is willing, she can even go home every week. However, she said, I want the habit of a person on the outside, because one day, we will not be together.

I remember graating senior, we, Raining Cats and opened, Akira flash, full house beer foam. All of them speak loudly to sing loudly, his voice hoarse want all sing out. At night a large group of people on the streets Huang, has been shaken to the deserted late at night or early hours of nothing. Finally the remaininggeneral only very few people are all good friends, pico, CKJ, Jill son, ABO and me.

Later, everyonelying on the garden bench, drunk on the first head to laugh, to cry And sad. Speak to each other, but I forget what its said. At night we are always lying on those benches on which to see the dark and then lit up tentorial 1.1.

When I left town I grew up in Shanghai when picogrammes gave me a book, I opened up to plane, and then see picogrammes Writing on title page at the beautiful fonts:

To the four-dimensional

Give me a maximum of three when the warmth and comfort to friends.

Before our time together with songs heard saying that "in that cold season, avoid all wind, only to accompany you to join me in singing."

This is my third year of the most memorable I have heard in a word, and we always said: After this July, everything will be OK, everything would have.

But now we have finally escaped from the purgatory-like three, then if all is well yes, and all have been, but I eventually found to be not. July over the U.S. will leave, I even miss the start of all the past year, including the failure of our two great, much of the afternoon and a lot of, School at the entrance of the watermelon ice drink, but also We have said all there is, then, including a happy and sad, and angry quarrel.

I have always been at our want to be like after these friends alive, at least you go we want to go to Shanghai, and I have to I do not enjoy at the Chongqing University of Spend my life. No longer be able to one class on and go out with you andfinishes, you should not think when you pullme, should not you at my sad one downstairs one called you onyou go downstairs.

.

Whenever I see the word in time will be very sad. After all, with so much happiness, then warm.

With you for so long, eventually you still have not taught me to play badminton, I always say you want a good training of the sketch has never been implemented.

Everything comes by surprise, even the selection and the struggle did not have the opportunity to give me.

Small four, just as I have always said, you, you, all my friends happy.

5

Writing at me the first part of the time, I was three, but when I recall a time when everything becomes fuzzy good, the only clear only when hot weather and bright sunshine to glare. Me and always smiling slightly or totally destroyed through our covered with tall camphora at the school, sometimes in big big speech, and sometimes hard life, said nothing.

At the commissary where we usually get your wallet out to buy Coke, and then slip from the side walk to the playground.

One of the evening is at leisure and sad as the Medium flowing out.

In that summer of my life begin to know how the required tenacity, because three is just as true as hell.

At that time I put myself on the frame on the desk in the poster-for-down, then go into a white paper that read my favorites sentence: Even now there is still hope left. A lot of nights so I always looked at writing a white paper in black, and then tell ourselves, not to be afraid of, not to be afraid of.

And on this day over thedown.

At that time I began to write because life is too monotonous and boring, slightly to say that such a life as constant rewind replay, I do not know that one day those films will constantly move forward in the back cut off, and then we life would have heard the bang咔嚓stopped. Looked at me slightly, vast sunset at her face cast a deep mist, my heart sad to see one brim to brim over one to spill.

have that time, every day are the evening exams, the turmoil and chaos of war. I used to start at dark night, in the classroom under bright white lights flying pen holding title to do, ABCD Writing go smoothly. However, a very open mind, and sometimes raised his head and look out the window of the yellow lights, too sad too sad to see forgotten language.

slightly before me and always had dinner together, then stand in front of the school to buy a cup of watermelon on ice, thento go to school, sitting in the lake briefing, met together they will fight DRAM licensing tortoise. And at the time soundedran upstairs to the examination, examination picogrammes General Liberal Arts, General Science test me. Picogrammes big chapter to write a big paper inscribed soreness graally get together, and twist with my own hands from a variety of incredible perspective of the use of his left hand rule right-hand rule.

This is me life once, so simple that I do not believe me once there is such a simple time.

The summer has continued the seemingly endless, I can remember only the voices of cicadas calledand one higher and higher 1 waves, through the thick tree shade with the sun burning into my side. But at a certain evening, when the last time I stood at the gate of the School when the same air as those who exist chirping suddenly disappeared, I stood in the quiet time heard the voice of fracture.

I go to school that day are using the University of notice, I left the school day.

6

I want to do, and I want to do alone in this direction, and there is no worry, no restraints, I will live a happy person.

But why me in a large group of people insidesuddenly on the silence? Why ride at a time when seeing a familiar background on the sad? Why see a once read a book once read on the moviesad? Why am I still used to open a person standing on the lawn looking at clouds with 45 degrees of the sky?

Who at the hands of a crystal ball? I would like to ask

⑽ 求一篇外文文献 关于网络小说改编剧 television and movie adapted from network novels

这个有点难的。要高人。

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